Posted by
SRJensen on Wednesday, August 23, 2006 6:58:34 AM
My need to understand how and why bedsores could be responsible for a growth industry in the booming medical-industrial-complex led me to the biomed library at the University of Minnesota. I had a hunch to follow and much to learn. I picked the year 1965 (Medicare's inception) and several medical journals. I reviewed every issue for three items. First, articles about bedsores. Second, ads for products and devices designed specifically for them. Third, editorial comment on any issue that might shed light on the nature of the times.
There were days that found me transfixed from the moment the library opened until the doors closed at night. Much of what I read was disturbing, extremely so. But a finding emerged with a clarity that resonated loudly. This finding has never once been challenged by any healthcare insider. Most, with embarrassment, admit that it sounds quite true. Most then go completely dormant and realizing that I am a non-factor ignore me altogether. Something is amiss in managed healthcare. The Hippocratic Oath no longer obtains. Doing harm is lucrative as long as most of the victims are near death anyway.
The bedsore results from blood flow at the capillary level being occluded or stopped. The force of gravity is enough to stop blood flow at the capillary in tissue near the bone. We toss and turn in our sleep naturally in order that blood flow in occluded areas be relieved. Not all people are able to toss and turn on their own. They get bedsores, unless...
Bedsores were once rare. They are today very common. One in four of you know someone who is suffering or has suffered from them. This was not the case when the nursing profession was less professional. Before the inception of Medicare Dr. Michael Kosiak published results of his studies that established regular repositioning intervals of two hours as adequate preventive care for bedsores. Nurses new this anyway. Dr. Kosiak's work just validated their instinctual understanding. They were distributed in patient populations and accustomed to routines that meant bedsores were very rare. The literature mentions ratios of less than 3% of patients at risk. But something was about to happen to the nursing profession that would alter this dramatically.
The post-1965 years were full of articles about the runaway inflation in healthcare in general. The nursing profession was under assault and felt threatened with their very existence. So confident were we in the beneficial properties of technology that some wondered if nurses were needed at all. The nurses, taking a page from the book of how the physicians before them gained credibility, decided to pursue licensure with a vengence. Nurses would have to return to school in order to get baccalaureate degrees in the science of nursing. One third quit, one third went back to school and one third attempted to breech the gap at the bedside. When nurses returned with B.S. degrees and R.N. distinction they demanded more compensation and less menial labor. They became chartists and drug administrators more than hands that fed, bathed and cared for those unable to care for themselves. Healthcare specialization exploded and so did the numbers and severity of bedsores.
Medical device and product manufacturers filled this breech with a breathtaking array of items. All of these came with claims but the problem intensified. The flaw in the early analysis was the fact that patients were no longer being repositioned of a regular enough basis to prevent bedsore development. The system preferred to pay for technology more than people. Nurses demanded more and different work and capillary occlusion ate away healthy tissue near the bone of thousands of patients every year. The rationale given most often to explain these facts were that the breakthroughs in medicine, particularly in technology had caused people to live longer. These conditions were therefore an inevitable consequence of progress. We would just have to live with it. As a prominent gerontologist once told me over lunch, "What does it matter if a person gets a stage four ulcer (tissue rot exposing bone) in the sacrum the last six months of their life?" What indeed. The hollow men (and women) were making names and lot's of money. Baby boomers were entering the years when 25% of them would get bedsores and the math was most compelling. Nothing would stand in the way of this. Certainly not someone raising their hand and saying enough already.
My next post will reveal a surprisingly effective defensive measure the industry employed to secure this golden goose for the next 25 years.